Professor of pediatrics, division of pediatric endocrinology, university of rochester school of medicine and dentistry, rochester, ny. Major intra and extra cellular electrolytes introduction. Body fluids chemistry wellness free 30day trial scribd. Body fluid composition american academy of pediatrics. A typical body fluid may contain electrolytes, also known as ions. The intracellular fluid icf compartment is the system that includes all fluid enclosed in cells by their plasma membranes. Body fluids compositions, and their measurements s. It will also discuss preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical variables related to body fluid cellular analyses. Body fluids are free flowing substances composed of water, salts, electrolytes, proteins, organic compounds, etc. Because they bear a negative charge, we will consider them to be electrolytes. Comparative analysis was performed using controls having an equal volume of deionized water and body fluid specimen. The composition of transcellular fluid varies, but some of its main electrolytes include sodium ions, chloride ions, and bicarbonate ions.
In lean healthy adult men, the total body water is about 60% 6067% of the total body weight. No rbc, no plateletes, less proteins, more calcium and phosphorus, predominant corpuscles lymphocytes. Ptt body fluids free download as powerpoint presentation. Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are liquids within the human body.
Aug 14, 2020 the composition of transcellular fluid varies, but some of its main electrolytes include sodium ions, chloride ions, and bicarbonate ions. The composition inside the cell of various chemical molecules is almost the same in all of the cells in the intracellular fluid. Approximately 8% of the body s fluid is blood plasma. The composition of tissue fluid depends upon the exchanges between the cells in the biological tissue and the blood. Pedsap 01 boo fluids, electrolytes, and utrition 7 fluids and electrolytes 1. Multiple choice questions form important part of competitive exams and neet exam and if practiced properly can help you to get higher rank.
Plasma and interstitial fluid are the two components that make up at least 97%. Extracellular fluid contains large quantity of sodium, chlorides, bicarbonate, glucose, fatty acids and oxygen. If the body density is known, it is possible to convert this to a % body fat using the following equation, which was derived by siri. The fluid sample is collected from the intravascular compartment for the measurement of the composition of intracellular fluid. Changes in volume and composition of body fluids due to disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance cause various common clinical illnesses. Chapter 15 body fluids 7 blood blood is a body fluid that delivers substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from the cells. Neet ug biology body fluids and circulation mcqs with answers available in pdf for free download.
Blood plasma has high concentrations of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and protein. Physiology, water balance statpearls ncbi bookshelf. Urinalysis and body fluids 5th edition pdf free books pdf epub. Body fluid identification is a key component in the forensic scientists tool box and has been carried out both at the crime scene and in the laboratory for many years. The density of the whole body, therefore, will depend upon the relative size of these two components. Dec 10, 2015 composition of body fluids inorganic substances. No rbc, no plateletes, less proteins, less calcium and phosphorus, predominant corpuscles lymphocytes. The electrolyte concentration varies in these fluids, it is 4550% of. Regulation of body fluid volume the hypothalamus achieve this by two.
Haematology introduction to body fluids free medical atlas. The organization and composition of body fluids request pdf. Intracellular fluid contains large quantities of potassium, magnesium, phosphates, sulphates and proteins. Body fluid specimens were spiked with known varying concentrations of the analyte from either a standard solution, calibration verification material, or serum with a known concentration. Pdf the importance of regulation of body fluid ph in the.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Body fluids can be discussed in terms of their specific fluid compartment, a location that is largely separate from another compartment by some form of a physical barrier. Body fluids and fluid compartments biology libretexts. While both conditions can occur simultaneously, the management, including the rate and type of fluids used may differ. Neet ug biology body fluids and circulation mcqs, multiple. Fluids, electrolytes, acidbase disorders, and nutrition. Average 70 kg person total body weight 42 litres total h2o 60% 28 liters intracellular fluid icf 40% 14 liters extracellular fluid ecf 20% ecf is divided into. Assess laboratory data and physical signs and symptoms in the evaluation of fluid status anddehydration. Urinalysis and body fluids 5th edition pdf free download.
The distribution of water between the major body fluid compartments. Proteins are considered to be colloids when dispersed in body fluids. Figure 117 illustrates the performance of the string test for synovial. The proportion of body mass attributed to total body water tbw varies with age figure 1, gender, body habitus and the presence of disease.
Clinical and laboratory standards institute document h56a body fluid analysis for cellular composition. Human beings are mostly water, ranging from about 75 percent of body mass. Cerebrospinal,csf serous pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, synovial fluids. Direct analysis of fat free pieces of tissue gives a.
The dynamic balance across these compartments is an. This thoroughly updated 5th edition provides you with concise and carefully structured fullcolor instruction in the handling and analysis of nonblood body fluids. Akila objectives adiscuss the distribution of total body h2o tbw in the body b list the ionic composition of different body compartments. Measurement of the composition of body fluids youtube. Body fluids are complex mixtures of substances which can disrupt immunoassays in a variety of ways. Feb 28, 2021 composition of body fluids the compositions of the two components of the ecfplasma and ifare more similar to each other than either is to the icf. Another body fluid, lymph, also helps in the transport of certain substances. Any of the various ions such as sodium or chloride that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes. Extracellular fluid ecf surrounds all cells in the body.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis bia is a method extensively used in studies assessing body composition, especially in view of the high speed of information processing, as a noninvasive method for generating information through portable, easy to use and relatively inexpensive equipment that estimates the distribution of body fluids in the intra and intercellular spaces in addition to the. Compositions of the body fluid compartments youtube. Aug 21, 2017 analyte recovery in spiked fluid specimens. The organization and composition of body fluids anaesthesia. Compared to simple ions, proteins are huge molecules. Body fluids and circulation ncert notes for class 11 biology download in pdf points to remember. The composition and function of body fluids third edition.
The intended purpose of this guideline is to explain how to collect, process, examine, store, and report results for body fluid specimens for the characterization of inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and immune alterations. Dehydration refers to a loss of total body water that can produce overall hypertonicity. The mcq questions for neet biology with answers have been prepared as per the latest 2021 neet biology syllabus, books and examination pattern. Introduction to body fluids interactive physiology. Demonstrate an understanding of the composition of body fluids, fluid regulation, and fluidrequirements in pediatric patients. This patients hyponatremia was caused by administration of large amounts of sodium free. Modern medical, public health, and personal hygiene practices treat body fluids as potentially unclean.
Aug 30, 2020 composition of body fluids the compositions of the two components of the ecfplasma and ifare more similar to each other than either is to the icf figure \\pageindex4\. Barriers separate icf, interstitial fluid and plasma. All the body fluids intracellular, extracellular interstitial, plasma or vascular contains electrolytes. Body fluid composition is important because bodies are made of fluid.
Interstitial fluids fills the space between tissue cells and moves in lymph vessels 10. Universal precautions and safer sex practices try to avoid exchanges of body fluids. Present between the cells approximately 80% of ecf present in blood approximately 20% of ecf. The exact percentage of fluid relative to body weight is inversely proportional to the percentage of body fat. Alternatively, volume depletion occurs when there is a loss of extracellular fluid volume. In obese patients, however, this leads to over repletion of free wate. Important constituents and physical characteristics of extracellular fluid. Water is very important in moving blood to the different organs. Any major operation results in catabolism of body tissue high in fat content thus releasing 600 ml of sodium free intracellular and metabolic water a day. Approved guideline provides recommendations for standardizing the collection and transport of body fluids, numeration and identification of cellular components, and guidance for qualitative and quantitative. Composition of body fluids the compositions of the two components of the ecfplasma and ifare more similar to each other than either is to the icf figure 4. Positive electrolytes in body fluids each fluid compartment needs just the right types and levels of electrolytes for proper functioning of neurons, muscle cells, and other cells in the body. Nonelectrolytes are uncharged molecules found in body fluids. The content of total body water tbw is a physiologic function of tissue.
Clsi h56a body fluid analysis for cellular composition. There are two main fluid compartments water occupies in the body. Technically, urine is also in this category, but we have covered it in the beginning of this text. However, various clinical pathologies can alter the fluid composition and its. How to measure the volumes of body fluid compartments using marker substances. Factors that influence the amount of body fluid are age, gender, and body fat. Oct 20, 2010 composition of body fluids cations mmoll plasma interstitial intracellular na 142 9 14 k 4. Neet zoology body fluids and circulation questions solved. Body fluids and fluid compartment medicine libretexts. The composition and function of body fluids third edition by shirley r burke. Body water, osmolarity and ionic composition of body fluids biochemistry module biochemistry notes people tend to have a lower percentage of body water than thin people, women tend to have a lower percentage than men, and older people have a lower percentage than younger people.
Body fluids and fluid compartments anatomy and physiology ii. Composition of body fluids label the components on this diagram as follows. Body fluids and circulation notes for biology download in pdf. In obese patients, however, this leads to over repletion of free water. Apr 01, 2015 body fluid composition is maintained in a normal physiologic range by regulatory mechanisms that control sodium and water metabolism. The c v mosby company, st louis, toronto and london. Clsi h56 body fluid analysis for cellular composition. In either case, there is a decrease in free water reabso.
Normal value normal range approximate unit shortterm nonlethal limit. However, in pathological metabolic conditions such as diabetes, the body fluid ph becomes. Biochemistry module body water, osmolarity and ionic composition of body fluids biochemistry 198 notes table 14. Body fluid compartments 23 65% of tbw is intracellular icf extracellular water 25 % interstitial fluid isf 5 8 % in plasma ivf intravascular fluid 1 2 % in transcellular fluids csf, intraocular fluids, serous membranes, and in gi, respiratory and urinary tracts third space 11. Nov 28, 20 in contrast, skeletal muscle contains 75% water. Standard precautions pdf created with pdffactory pro trial version. So, the more muscles one has, the higher the total body water % will be.
Oct 01, 2018 the organization and composition of body fluid compartments water is the largest individual component of body mass. This is because they can be vectors for infectious diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases or bloodborne diseases. The electrolyte composition of extracellular fluids and intracellular fluids have significant differences. Approximately 30% of the body s fluid is interstitial.
The water contained in the body is divided amongst compartments of differing sizes and compositions. Body fluids compositions, and their measurements by. Body fluid is the term most often used in medical and health contexts. Extracellular fluid outside the cells 45% of total body water body fluid compartments extracellular fluid includes. About twothirds is in the intracellular fluid compartment icf. In this chapter, you will learn about the composition and properties of blood and lymph tissue fluid and the mechanism of circulation of blood is also explained herein. A detailed knowledge of the homeostatic mechanisms will help in understanding the pathogenesis and management of disorders of sodium and water balance. With respect to blood, the composition of lymph can be expressed as. Lymph synovial fluid aqueous humor cerebrospinal fluid. Explain the importance of water in the body contrast the composition of the intracellular fluid with. Recognize common disorders of hypernatremia or hyperosmolality and evaluate and understand the role of calculating free water deficit in the. Ppt body fluids compositions, and their measurements. The ph of body fluids is maintained constant by various internal buffering systems and acid excretion. Disturbance of fluid and electrolyte metabolism involve four properties of the body.
Fluids, electrolytes, acidbase disorders, and nutrition support. A special connective tissue that circulates in principal vascular system of man and other vertebrates consisting of fluid matrix, plasma and formed elements. The exact chemical composition of body fluid is highly variable. Feb 27, 2018 body fluids can be divided into categories such as cerebrospinal fluid, various serous fluids from cavities lined with serous membranes, synovial fluid, semen, vaginal secretions, respiratory secretions such as from bronchoalveolar lavage, amniotic fluid, and even feces, which is considered in this category, although there are more body fluids not covered in this list. After studying this lecture, the student should understand. Extracellular fluid ecf denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. The volume and composition of the body fluids vary tremendously from one compartment to another, and are maintained remarkably constant despite the vicissitude of daily life and the stress imposed by disease. Organization and composition of body fluids sciencedirect.
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